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<title>Solar System</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/tags/Solar System</link>
<description>New posts about Solar System</description>
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<title>The Solar Storm</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/The-Solar-Storm.371609</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>One question which still mystery today is: why solar storm is usually happened every 11 years?   Anyway, this terrible thing had been happened on 13th of March 1989 in Quebec, Canada when six millions people must live without electricity for nine hours.</p>
<p>So, what for we need to know about this natural phenomena?  Well, this solar's activity which is indicated by the appearance of sun spot, will terminate our phone signal, satellite which are very important to our hobbies: using internet, watching television, listening radio, and so on.  In addition, the spreading of particles from solar flare and CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) will influence the weather in The Solar System.</p>
<p>So, how to prepare this terrific thing?  Be calm, we must save our money at the Syariah Bank to make our money fast to grow then hurry up let's buy generator (genset)!  Let's save our nation from loosing electricity and communication system!</p>
<p>Don't be so much panic!  The storm will not be as likely as what happened above this ground (earth) but we still must be careful!</p>
<p>Let's keep alert!</p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FThe-Solar-Storm.371609"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FThe-Solar-Storm.371609" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 2008 03:32:48 PST</pubDate></item>
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<title>Extrasolar Sunrises and Sunsets</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/Extrasolar-Sunrises-and-Sunsets.304353</link>
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<![CDATA[<h3>Gliese 876d<br /><br /><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/2008/10/18/sunrise-on-gliese_1.jpg" alt="" /></h3>
<p>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sunrise Gliese 876d.&amp;nbsp; This is an artistic illustration of a faraway alien planet, and its too close for comfort red dwarf star, Gliese 876.&amp;nbsp; No one really knows what the exact conditions are on this&amp;nbsp;molten planet, but scientists do know that it's about 2-3x the mass of our Earth, and that it has an orbit that would go well inside of Mercury's orbit.&amp;nbsp; Since its star, Gliese 876, is a red dwarf star, it doesn't burn as hot as our sun and it isn't nearly as big either.&amp;nbsp; Therefore the distance that this planet is from its star, puts it in the "habitable zone" of the solar system.&amp;nbsp; Earth is in our solar system's "habitable zone", and that is why I'm able to present to you this article.&amp;nbsp; The fact that Gliese 876d falls within this "zone", has scientists imagination in over drive, and their curiosity raging like a southern California wild fire.</p>
<h3>HD188753</h3>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/2008/10/18/hd188753_1.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Believe it or not, this artist's vision of a triple sunset viewed from an alien moon is based on factual evidence.&amp;nbsp; In the recent past, a hot Jupiter size planet was discovered orbiting the triple star system HD188753.&amp;nbsp; An astrnomer by the name of Maciej Konacki discovered the planet, which is depicted at the top left of this illustration, 149 light years away&amp;nbsp;from Earth.&amp;nbsp; The view from this hypothetical rocky moon shows the first star, which is similar to our own sun, setting to the right.&amp;nbsp; The other two stars, being farther away, are lingering in the sky waiting for their turn to say goodnight.</p>
<h3>Gliese 581c</h3>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/2008/10/18/gliese581wehrstein_1.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Another planet that falls within its star's habitable zone, is Gliese 581c.&amp;nbsp; Gliese 581c is a mere 20 light years away, and is the most Earth-like planet discovered yet.&amp;nbsp; Its sun is also a red dwarf star, which means that it's smaller and cooler than our sun,&amp;nbsp;and is shown here rising through clouds over a calm ocean.&amp;nbsp; Should future observations of this planet confirm that it is not only capable of sustaining oceans, but also capable of&amp;nbsp;harboring life within the oceans, it very well could be used as a&amp;nbsp;pit stop for future interstellar travelers.</p>
<h3>Proxima's Planet</h3>
<p>&amp;nbsp;<img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/2008/10/18/prox_2.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The sun setting in this painting is Proxima Centauri, the closest star outside of our solar system.&amp;nbsp; Compared to our wonderful sun, Proxima Centauri is relatively small.&amp;nbsp; Classified as a red dwarf star it is about 7x smaller than the&amp;nbsp;bright yellow disk in our daily skies, and just slightly bigger than Jupiter.&amp;nbsp; Proxima is part of a triple star system called the Alpha Centauri system, and you can see Proxima's companions in the upper&amp;nbsp;right hand corner.&amp;nbsp; The other two stars in this system are more like our sun than Proxima.&amp;nbsp; At just 4 light years away, the fantasy of taking a cruise-like trip through this unimaginable star system is not out of reach.&amp;nbsp; Just imagine being in a space craft suitable to withstand the violent conditions of this hypothetical alien world and watching each one of these beautiful stars put on&amp;nbsp;its own unique sunset scene.&amp;nbsp; Any individual fortunate enough to behold such a splendid wonder,&amp;nbsp;through their very own set of peepers, is sure to have his or her&amp;nbsp;view and defenition of life altered indefenitly.</p>
<h3>Binary Stars Rising</h3>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/2008/10/18/binrise_1.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; In this purely science fiction based&amp;nbsp;work of art, the artist illustrates a set of twin suns rising and shedding light on this, what seems to be, planet harboring intelligent life.&amp;nbsp; The alien built towers stand silent as this majestic sight unfolds before them.</p>
<p>&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Roughly there are&amp;nbsp;about 100 billion&amp;nbsp;stars in our galaxy, The Milky Way.&amp;nbsp; There are&amp;nbsp;billions of galaxies in the&amp;nbsp;ever reaching universe.&amp;nbsp; You do the math.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;I believe that at least one of those stars has a&amp;nbsp;planetary system in which one of it's planets has&amp;nbsp;a 'perfect storm' of&amp;nbsp;conditions for life to thrive,&amp;nbsp;and itself also&amp;nbsp;evolve into possibly a greater variation of species than that found on our planet.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;In my&amp;nbsp;personal unprofessional&amp;nbsp;opinion,&amp;nbsp;I think it&amp;nbsp;would be a very foolish and close minded decision to deny the possibility of other intelligent beings sprouting and evolving much like the human race has... But who really knows anyway.</p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FExtrasolar-Sunrises-and-Sunsets.304353"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FExtrasolar-Sunrises-and-Sunsets.304353" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2008 10:27:54 PST</pubDate></item>
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<title>The Sun</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/The-Sun.301543</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>The closest star to our planet is Sol which is Latin for the sun. For billions of years the sun has been there to provide us with, life, light, and heat. Although the sun gave us life, but can we really feel safe, because the can kill us anytime without much warning. Even though it gave us life it was still looked upon as a mysterious object.</p>
<p>The sun and the whole universe were once thought to revolve around the planet earth, but we found out that the earth and the other planets orbit the sun and there is no center of the universe.</p>
<p>The Sun has seven layers the light takes a journey from to another. First Nuclear Fusion occurs when hydrogen atoms ram into each other with such force that they produce on helium atoms, which is what make the light particle. The Radiation Zone is the next layer which they enter once they are created. They enter this as Electromagnetic Radiation; however, it will take them millions of years to get out of this layer. After the fight with the Radiation Zone they enter the Convection zone, and they now must escape in convections. A lava lamp is the best thing to compare the convection zone with because they both rise on heat. Then it is to the Photosphere which is the place that sends it to the planets. The journey through the sun has ended and the light reached the planets. The Solar atmosphere has layers just like the plasma Surface. Chromosphere is visible during a solar eclipse as the color on the rim of eclipse. The Corona is in control of the Solar wind and the Heliosphere. The heliosphere is the amount of magnetic control the sun has.</p>
<p>The sun will end one day and this is how it may go, the sun will enlarge enough to engulf Mercury and Venus the earth may be able to move away to escape engulfment, by that time the earth will be a barren place anyway.&amp;nbsp;Like your science teach told you, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The action was the sun giving earth life, and the equal and opposite reaction is the sun ending that life.</p>
<p>The solar system is very big but about 99.8 % of the solar system&amp;rsquo;s mass is the sun. Everything orbits around the sun, and it is responsible for all life found on earth. Sol is composed of Hydrogen and Helium, the hydrogen is 74 % of the sun&amp;rsquo;s mass and the Helium is 25% the sun&amp;rsquo;s mass. The Hydrogen is 92% of the sun&amp;rsquo;s volume; hence, the Helium is only 7% of the sun&amp;rsquo;s volume. The sun uses a process call nuclear fusion to make light and heat, and the way that is done is by hydrogen atoms knocking into each other at such speeds that they become helium atom and they let off energy called a pharos they take millions of years to get to the surface of the sun, but they only take about ten days to get to the planets.</p>
<p>For 4.5 billion years the sun has been there to give us light and heat and life as well, but it is about halfway through its supply of fuel. More than 4,000,000 tons of matter is converted into energy within the Sun's core. The sun is a main sequence star and it will continue to be for 10 billion year when the sun runs out of fuel. A yellow dwarf is the astronomical term for the type of star that the sun is, it also says that those stars don&amp;rsquo;t have enough mass to go super nova. 4 or 5 billion years the sun will enter the red giant phase, the outer layers will expand as the hydrogen Fuel in the core Contracts and heats. After the red giant phase it throws off its outer layers and that leaves the core to slowly cool until it fades into a white dwarf which is the most powerful star in the universe, and it will take billions of year for that to happen.</p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FThe-Sun.301543"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FThe-Sun.301543" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2008 10:59:52 PST</pubDate></item>
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<title>How the Universe Started</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/How-the-Universe-Started.295211</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>Our universe is big, really big. Where does it all come from? What will be its end? Even though the beginning and ending of the universe is greatly disputed, there is one theory favored for the beginning: the Big Bang; and there are four theories for the end: the Big Crunch, the Big Chill, the Modified Big Chill, and the Big Rip. There is one theory that talks about a repeating cycle: the Big Bounce. The ending of the universe is harder to tell with the new discovery of &amp;ldquo;dark" energy, which is an opposite of gravity. "Dark" energy accelerates the growth of the universe. In fact, two of the four theories for the ending of the universe have some mention of the &amp;ldquo;dark" energy in them.<br /> <br /> There is all this matter in the universe. People are here, on this little planet Earth. Where did it all come from? Was there an explosion at the beginning or was it always here? There is one theory that is almost unanimously considered the best theory for the beginning of the universe: the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang involves an explosion that began the entire universe and time. Its standards are the only ones that match up with the current state of the universe. The original theory had to be tweaked because it predicted an irregular form of the universe; not a spread-out, uniform universe that we know today. The period of inflation solved this question. Inflation was when the universe grew in &amp;ldquo;a brief form of expansion in the first instant of creation, during which the universe grew from the size of a small atom to bigger than the size of the galaxy.&amp;rdquo; Ian Ridpath, the author of Eyewitness Companions: Astronomy, says,&amp;rdquo; The Big Bang was not an explosion in the conventional sense- it was the explosion of space itself, and the beginning of time.&amp;rdquo; The Big Bang happened when there was no space or time. There is no possible way to explain what came &amp;ldquo;before&amp;rdquo; the Big Bang, since space and time did not exist, according to the theory. The Big Bang was the opposite of a star blowing up in a supernova. A supernova explodes and becomes a singularity, which is infinite mass or energy on one point in space-time, or space and time mixed. The Big Bang started as a singularity, and then blew up. The force of the Big Bang still radiates through the air as cosmic background microwave radiation. The discovery of cosmic background microwave radiation by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson was decisive factor in the fight over the beginning of the universe. Why would there be a radiation throughout the sky, spread uniformly, without having an explosion at the beginning of the universe?<br /> <br /> Of course, scientists have very imaginative minds, and questioned the Big Bang.  How was all the matter in one place first of all? Then the scientists came up with the Big Bounce theory. It is the only theory that may oppose to the Big Bang. The Big Bounce involves the Big Bang and the Big Crunch. The Big Bang theory involves zero volume and infinite energy when it was a singularity. This, technically, means the end of physics, which means that the universe could not have been made. Scientists say that that's where quantum mechanics comes in. A study in quantum mechanics proved that a universe could have ended, not with a singularity, but to a point where the effects on gravity become so strong that they go the opposite direction, repel, causing an explosion again. This led to the theory of the Big Bounce, which involves the Big Bang and the Big Crunch over and over again. We could be the first universe or the two billionth universe for all we know. Scientists have found that "dark" energy is speeding up the growth of the universe, so a Big Crunch could not happen. Scientists are saying that maybe we are the last universe and our Big Bang happened after the last Big Crunch, and we will end with another possibility.<br /> <br /> Obviously, there are other theories for the end of the universe. Each one of these has been based on the observations of the universe. Though one of these theories has been proved wrong by the recent observations of the universe, the other three came after the discovery of "dark" energy. One of the theories is the Big Crunch. It involves the fact that constant of gravity will soon overpower the cosmic background microwave radiation and the constant of the growing universe and pull it all back together again. This theory has been proved wrong by the force of "dark" energy. Another theory is the Big Rip. This theory guesses that the force of dark energy will just be too much for the fundamental forces of the universe and the forces between subatomic particles, such as quarks and gluons. The entire universe would be ripped up in a huge "Big Rip". A third theory is the Big Chill. The Big Chill involves the fact that the matter in the universe is to small for gravity to slow down and the universe continues to expand, but more and more slowly, until the universe just stops completely. Gravities fall apart, stars turn dark, and atoms return to their components. The fourth and final theory is the Modified Big Chill. The Modified Big Chill says that "dark" energy would expand the universe faster and faster, overcoming the force of gravity. Galaxies and stars would spread away form each other. The universe's ultimate fate, though, would still be a Big Chill.<br /> <br /> As you can see, the beginning and ending of the universe is greatly disputed. There is one theory that is heavily favored for the beginning of the universe: the Big Bang theory. There are four theories for the end of the universe: the Big Crunch, the Big Chill, the Big Rip, and the Modified Big Chill. The discovery of "dark" energy, which is an opposite of gravity, has made the future of the universe even cloudier. In fact, two of the four theories mention "dark" energy. Scientists are still studying the universe to see if any clue will be an answer to the mystery of the beginning and ending of the universe.</p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FHow-the-Universe-Started.295211"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FHow-the-Universe-Started.295211" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2008 03:04:00 PST</pubDate></item>
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<title>Planet Polarity</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/Planet-Polarity.249823</link>
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<![CDATA[<p>Two times two is four, four times three is twelve. That's how we understand the planetary spread in regard to the astrological zodiac today. Nine planets divided between twelve signs. But was this always so? Some scientist now believe there where originally twelve planets in our solar system.</p>
<p>Although contemporary systems of both astrology and astronomy work very well, it just doesn't seem quite symmetrical enough. Especially with so many other past reports of other, more elusive, things floating around in the ether. Admittedly most of theses have been show not to be of any real significance, if indeed they ever really existed in the first place.</p>
<p>Take for example the case of Vulcan, which is now wildly accepted to have been a comet or even several close passing comets rather than a planet as first reported by Lescarbault an amateur astrologer, back in 1859.</p>
<p>The twelve astrological symbols express the ebb and flow of the solar energies life cycle, as it continually moves and changes. This solar tidal movement is the very essence of astrology. This solar tide is altered by each of the heavenly bodies.</p>
<p>The ebb and the flow are split equally between the twelve signs of the zodiac, which are then split again into the four elements earth, air, fire and water.</p>
<p>So what's my point? Well maybe just as each sign of the zodiac has an opposite twin, to balance out the negative aspect of the sign with positive aspects, the planets could also have originally had a polarized formation? This would express a much more harmonic and logical system, without having to spread the planetary forces between signs. Although I'm not suggesting for a moment than astrology doesn't work fine as it is. Or that it needs changing, that's far from my aim. The time scales probably predate our own existence as a species.</p>
<p>Questions do sprout up however like was the asteroid belt originally a planet? Or why is Jupiter so much more massive than any of the other planet? And there now seems to be a theory, which answers all of theses questions.</p>
<p>Dr Tom Van Flandern an astrophysicist has been working on a theory since the seventies, now known as the Multiple Exploded Planet Hypothesis, Multiple EPH for short.</p>
<p>According to this theory in the early days of our solar system the sun through fission spat out planets according to long mathematical equations relating to mass and lots of other things.</p>
<p>The most interesting thing relating to this theory I think is that with each release not one but two planets or rather would-be planet masses would be released. These "twins" as he calls them are released at opposite ends of the sun and over time form planets.</p>
<p>According to the maths, which to tell you the truth I couldn't begin to understand, there would have been six of these releases from the sun, and there for twelve planets.</p>
<p>So where are they now?</p>
<p>This is where it gets weird, turning planets into moons and comets and asteroids into planets, but most scientists are now beginning to accept that there is defiantly something in it.</p>
<p>So what I'm saying is, that there where twelve planets originally, so where are they now?</p>
<p>Ok lets run through the planets. First Mercury, according to the Multiple EPH theory this was originally a moon of Venus, escaping it's gravitational pull over millions of years.</p>
<p>The first, or rather last twin planets were in fact Venus and Earth. Both fit into his framework, being the last of the twins. And in good twin spirit they have many similar attributes. They are both similar in mass and composition, both of relatively equal solar distance from the sun and with Mercury originally as a satellite of Venus, both have the same number of moons.</p>
<p>Here comes the real shocker though, the planet ear-pinned as the most likely place for many different unexplained things, Mars. This is claimed to have been a moon, orbiting a long gone planet known as planet V.</p>
<p>And where was this planet? Yep the asteroid belt. In fact the asteroid belt is claimed to be all that's left of not one but two planets, named V and K. these are the second set of twins.</p>
<p>Next up is Jupiter and Saturn, which don't exactly look like Siamese counter parts. However Dr Tom Van Flandern claims that Jupiter was not always so massive and also that the rings of Saturn are a relatively recent addition. So there twin-ship could be much more likely than you first think. They're both gas giants of similar composition; both have numerous moons with the most similar distance from the sun.</p>
<p>However with the vaporised planets of V and K, it still didn't properly explain the mass of Jupiter, then others looked and came up with an explanation or possible explanation. Between the planets K and Jupiter there seems to have, at an earlier time in the universe, been room for another planet or possibly twins. This is known as planet A, planet B being its possible twin.</p>
<p>This is not the only possible explanation however for explaining both Jupiter's excessive mass and Saturn's rings. Planet A could in fact be the original twin to Jupiter and Saturn would then be twined with planet B.</p>
<p>Then we come to the final three of todays recognised, remaining planets, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. There has been much debate for years regarding Pluto, although it is commonly viewed as a planet, for years scientists have been arguing this very dilemma. Many now think that it is too small to be regarded as a planet, and until this multiple (EPH) had claimed that it would more likely be an asteroid or even an escaped moon.</p>
<p>Viewing Pluto as a moon, now escaped from the orbit of Neptune would explain why Uranus and Neptune could be twins. In fact both Pluto and another hotly debated lump of rock, Chiron are considered in the hypothesis as Neptunium moons.</p>
<p>But that's only ten and there are no planets left? Well another asteroid belt has recently been discovered, sometimes known as the Keplier belt situated on the outskirts of our solar system. This is where the last twins of the twelve lived.</p>
<p>Although the few and far between asteroids can nowhere near explain the existence of one let alone two planets, dew to the much lower effects of the suns gravitational pull out there in the sticks, most of the debris would have quite easily been able to just drift out into the vastness of space, without much to stop it. This also explains why Pluto and Chiron have gone a wondering from their one time anchor, Neptune. So maybe from our perspective the universe as well as our own solar system tries to or maybe has no real chose but to create a balanced system and then as the system develops, it continually strides to keep a balance between the solar ebb and flow of the solar system?</p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FPlanet-Polarity.249823"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FPlanet-Polarity.249823" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2008 06:20:51 PST</pubDate></item>
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<title>Answer for the Cosmic Dust</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/Answer-for-the-Cosmic-Dust.247493</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>The research by Professor Mathieu Gkentz, Imperial College London, published in the journal "Geology", shows that a portion of cosmic dust falls on Earth, comes from an ancient zone of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter.</p>
<p>The cosmic particles of dust, asteroids and comite products, are tiny pieces of powdered rocks, hundreds of billions of which fall through the sky of our planet and are everywhere - and in our homes! <br /><br />They along until one-tenth of a millimeter and cover the entire solar system within one minute smog. <br /><br />The study of these particles is important because the fossil formation is essentially a log of creating conditions of asteroids and&amp;nbsp;comite before 4.5 billion years. <br /><br />The origin of this outer space dust constantly landing on Earth, has always been uncertain. <br /><br />After detailed study of 600 chemical compositions of such particles, Dr Gkentz concluded that comes from a family of ancient space rock, called asteroid Koronis between Mars and Jupiter, which arose before about 2 billion years, when a much larger asteroid split into pieces. <br /><br />Specifically, the dust comes from a smaller group of 20 space rocks within the Koronis family, said asteroid Karin, who created the birth of the solar system. <br /><br />Meteorites like Karin often fall on Earth and Dr Gkentz was able to match the mineralogy and chemical data with those cosmic dust samples meteorite already collected. Combining these data with astronomical infrared ray satellite data, found that asteroid Karin continually clashed with each other, creating the dust.</p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FAnswer-for-the-Cosmic-Dust.247493"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FAnswer-for-the-Cosmic-Dust.247493" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2008 08:40:11 PST</pubDate></item>
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<title>10 Ways The Human Race Could Become Extinct</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Physics/10-Ways-The-Human-Race-Could-Become-Extinct.153599</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<ol><li><h3>Global Pandemic</h3>
When an extremely virulent disease begins infecting large populations, a pandemic is declared by WHO (World Health Organisation). There have been many pandemics in the past, examples being &amp;lsquo;The Black Death', which was a strain of bubonic plague striking Europe, and the &amp;lsquo;Spanish Flu' in the 1910s. Influenza is a particular threat - it mutates rapidly and we cannot vaccinate ourselves against it. It has been responsible for decimation of entire populations and is still a threat today. If a hyper-contagious virus were released into the ecosphere it would spread rapidly along transport routes. Aeroplanes would become localised infections, the hosts carrying it to new places. New York, London and other large cities would quickly become abandoned. Pandemics also make excellent films, although the effects are usually exaggerated. (&amp;lsquo;I am Legend' particularly - no virus can turn a person feral while keeping them alive).</li><li>
<h3>Extreme-adverse Weather</h3>
Either we could cause the weather or it could be a freak occurrence. Phrases like global warming and climate change are thrown around a lot these days and they can be responsible for some weather changes, but we underestimate nature's resilience. Neither the less, a new ice age could emerge (although we are still in one), in which most surface life is killed. Again, films like &amp;lsquo;The Day after Tomorrow' exaggerate the effects.</li><li>
<h3>Gamma ray burst</h3>
Even we cannot dodge the light. Gamma rays are emitted from most stars, although our own is pretty docile in that respect, although if a star within a few thousand light years were to go Hypernova (a bigger supernova), the waves of radiation would reach us, practically cooking the surface of the planet. We would have to live underground to survive, but all plant life would certainly die, so we would have to rely on green houses and hydroponics. The frightening thing is that a star near us may have just gone Hypernova, but we won't know about it until the radiation reaches us.</li><li>
<h3>Nuclear War</h3>
Nuclear weapons are mankind's stupidest invention. To quote terry Pratchett - "Never give the monkey the keys to the banana plantation", and unfortunately we still don't get on well with one another enough to get rid of them. On declaration of nuclear war, major population centres would be destroyed and satellites would be knocked out of orbit, rendering all devices such as mobile phones and computers useless. Another effect is the raising of several million tonnes of ash and dust into the atmosphere, blacking the skies and wiping out most life.</li><li>
<h3>Asteroid Strike</h3>
One of the most well known doomsday scenarios is one we cannot really do anything about. Every year thousands of basketball sized objected hit the Earth. It only takes one a kilometre across to plummet through the atmosphere remains large enough to destroy a city. One that is a few kilometres in diameter hitting the Earth would release the energy of several million nuclear devices.</li><li>
<h3>Strangelets</h3>
The least known method of human extinction, strangelets are the result of overly energetic &amp;lsquo;strange' quarks mixing with &amp;lsquo;up' and &amp;lsquo;down' quarks. These stranglets on contact with ordinary matter will convert it to strange matter, and release another strangelet. If one were to hit the Earth, the planet would be reduced to a hot lump of strange matter. Currently they have only been created for thousandths of a second in particle accelerators.</li><li>
<h3>Black Hole</h3>
Pretty obvious what would happen. If one were created on Earth the planet would be sucked in, along with the rest of the solar system. However, nobody really knows what goes on inside a black hole, so maybe we would be lucky.</li><li>
<h3>Judgement Day</h3>
The Bible says in revelations that on Judgement day or Rapture, God will arrive on Earth to judge the living and the dead. Amusingly, if he arrived tomorrow, his work would be duly archived on the internet with thousands of mobile phone pictures and videos.</li><li>
<h3>Re-orientation of Earth's Axis</h3>
Also known as &amp;lsquo;pole shift theory' this would happen if the Earth changed its axis (currently it rests at 23.5 degrees - this is the reason we have seasons). The north and south poles would flip, not only ruining the GPS system but also causing massive change to the environment and redistributing the oceans across inhabited landmass.</li><li>
<h3>The Big Crunch</h3>
The one we cannot escape. Theorised as one of the methods of Universal decay, the Big Crunch is the reverse of the Big Bang.  Gravity at the centre of the Universe will overwhelm the expanding force and begin to pull the Universe back to a singularity again. There is no chance of escape from this one - there is nowhere to go. Luckily it is only a theory, and would not happen for billions of years anyway, so we would be long gone.</li></ol><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FPhysics%2F10-Ways-The-Human-Race-Could-Become-Extinct.153599"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FPhysics%2F10-Ways-The-Human-Race-Could-Become-Extinct.153599" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 07:05:15 PST</pubDate></item>
<item>
<title>A Handpicked Collection of the Ultimate Space Pictures</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/A-Handpicked-Collection-of-the-Ultimate-Space-Pictures.138477</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<h3>Saturn's Rings from the Other Side</h3>
<p>Credit:<strong> </strong><a href="http://ciclops.lpl.arizona.edu/" target="_blank">Cassini Imaging Team</a>, <a href="http://www.spacescience.org/" target="_blank">SSI</a>, <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">JPL</a>, <a href="http://www.esa.int/" target="_blank">ESA</a>, <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a></p>
<p>We normally see Saturn's rings the side from which the sun shines on them. This picture was taken from the other side by the robot Cassini spacecraft. I think it's still spectacular.</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_0.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>An Antarctic Total Solar Eclipse</h3>
<p>Credit and Copyright:<a href="http://www.moonglow.net/email.html" target="_blank">Fred Bruenjes</a> (<a href="http://www.moonglow.net/ccd/" target="_blank">moonglow.net</a>)</p>
<p>From the location of Antarctica, this mind boggling picture was taken of the Sun's total eclipse behind the Moon. This picture shows the Sun's corona around the Moon. A photographer and his deck chair are also caught up in the middle.</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_1.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>The Fox Fur Nebula</h3>
<p>Credit &amp;amp; <a href="http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/HawaiianStarlight/CFHT_WWW_Copyright.html" target="_blank">Copyright</a>: <a href="mailto:jcc%20at%20cfht%20dot%20hawaii%20dot%20edu" target="_blank">Jean-Charles Cuillandre</a> (<a href="http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu" target="_blank">CFHT</a>) &amp;amp; <a href="mailto:redazione%20at%20coelum%20dot%20com" target="_blank">Giovanni Anselmi</a> (<a href="http://www.coelum.com" target="_blank">Coelum Astronomia</a>), <a href="http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/hs" target="_blank">Hawaiian Starlight</a></p>
<p>Simply put, this is a load of dust and gas. Named Fox Fur Nebula, this particular interstellar event is a mixture of that dust and gas, together with lights and winds from stars. They can be found about 2,500 light years away.</p>
<p>If you lean your head towards the right, the left of this picture looks like the head and neck of a grizzly bear and not a fox (from my interpretation anyway).</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_2.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>Phobos: Doomed Moon of Mars</h3>
<p>Credit:<strong> </strong><a href="http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/" target="_blank">HiRISE</a>, <a href="http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/" target="_blank">MRO</a>, <a href="http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/" target="_blank">LPL (U. Arizona)</a>, <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a></p>
<p>Mars, the red planet in our magnificent solar system, has two moons - Phobos and Deimos. These names are derived from Greek, meaning Fear and Panic.</p>
<p>The one in this picture, Phobos, orbits so close to Mars that gravity is pulling it down. Scientists believe that gradually, the stress would shatter it. Poor thing!</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_3.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>Cat's Eye Hubble Remix</h3>
<p>Credit &amp;amp; <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html" target="_blank">Copyright</a>: <a href="http://www.astrofoto.es/contact.html" target="_blank">Vicent Peris</a> (<a href="http://www.uv.es/obsast" target="_blank">OAUV</a> / <a href="http://www.pixinsight.com" target="_blank">PTeam</a>), <a href="http://archive.stsci.edu/data_use.html" target="_blank">MAST</a>, <a href="http://www.stsci.edu/" target="_blank">STScI</a>, <a href="http://www.aura-astronomy.org/" target="_blank">AURA</a>, <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a></p>
<p>The Cat's Eye Nebula is 3,000 light years away from Earth. Even people who're not really interested in Astronomy know of this well-known sky dweller.</p>
<p>This is actually a sad picture of a dying sun-like star. The picture has been reprocessed to sharpen the visibility of the details.</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_4.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>Hole in the Sun</h3>
<p>Credit:<strong> </strong><a href="http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">SOHO</a> - <a href="http://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/eit/" target="_blank">EIT Consortium</a>, <a href="http://www.esrin.esa.it/export/esaCP/index.html" target="_blank">ESA</a>, <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a></p>
<p>Welcome to our Sun, and welcome to its coronal hole. Sometimes high-speed solar winds, atoms and electrons flow out from this hole causing colourful displays of auroral lights visible from Earth.</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_5.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>Lunation</h3>
<p>Credit &amp;amp; Copyright: <a href="http://www.astrosurf.com/cidadao/" target="_blank">Ant&amp;oacute;nio Cidad&amp;atilde;o</a></p>
<p>This is actually a slide show, so if it doesn't work properly from this page, go <a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070902.html" target="_blank">here</a> (press control and click) because you simply must see it. This shows what our Moon looks like during all the phases of its lunar cycle. This full cycle takes about 29 and a half days, not unlike the menstrual cycle of a woman.</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_6.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>The surface of Mars</h3>
<p>Credit:<strong> </strong><a href="http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/viking.html" target="_blank">Viking Project</a>, <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a></p>
<p>The Viking Lander 2 captured a fine image of Mars' surface which is covered by a thin layer of ice. Either that, or this is a close-up of a ham and cheese pizza.</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_7.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h3>The Eclipsed Earth</h3>
<p>Credit: <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/media/1999/m99-176.txt" target="_blank">Mir 27 Crew</a>; Copyright: <a href="http://www.cnes.fr/" target="_blank">CNES</a></p>
<p>This is a picture of Earth during a solar eclipse. The relatively tiny shadow which can be seen darkening the surface is that of the Moon. This shadow moved across the Earth at about 2,000 km per hour. Only people at the very middle of the dark circle can see a total solar eclipse, people further away are able to see a partial one. If you look carefully, you'll see two bright spots at the top left, which are thought to be Jupiter and Saturn.</p>
<p><img src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/06/14/181580_8.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p>I'm always impressed by these space pictures. I could see them again and again and still find something new to look at every time. Time after time, I shall be getting some more of these together. These are my favourite ones at the minute, what's yours?</p>
<p>The second installment is now available <a href="http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/A-Handpicked-Collection-of-the-Ultimate-Space-Pictures-2.166663" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
<h3>Other Works in This Series of Space Pictures</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/The-10-Most-Awesome-Pictures-Taken-From-Outer-Space.115486" target="_blank">10 Most Awsome Pictures Taken From Outer Space</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.scienceray.com/Technology/Engineering/Welcome-to-Mankinds-New-Home-in-Space.114954" target="_blank">Welcome to Makind s New Home in Space</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/Pictures-of-Earth-and-Outer-Space-at-Night.115496" target="_blank">Pictures of Earth and Outer Space at Night</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/A-Handpicked-Collection-of-the-Ultimate-Space-Pictures-2.166663" target="_blank">A Handpicked Collection of Ultimate Space Pictures 2</a></li>
</ul><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FA-Handpicked-Collection-of-the-Ultimate-Space-Pictures.138477"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FA-Handpicked-Collection-of-the-Ultimate-Space-Pictures.138477" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jun 2008 04:56:49 PST</pubDate></item>
<item>
<title>Interesting Facts About the Size of the Universe</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/Interesting-Facts-About-the-Size-of-the-Universe.115487</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<p>The universe is huge, bet you already knew that. But, perhaps you didn't know exactly how huge it really is. Consider the following facts:</p>
 
 <ol>
  <li> Our sun is so big that if you hollowed it out, it would hold 1 million, 300 thousand of our earths.</li>
 
  <li> There is a star called “Antares” that is so big that if you hollowed it out, it would hold 64 million of our suns.</li>
 
  <li> A star in the constellation Hercules is so big that, if hollowed out, could hold 100 million “Antares” stars.</li>
 
  <li> And the largest known star - Epsilon - is so big that, if hollowed out, would hold several million Hercules stars or 27 billion of our suns.</li>
 </ol>
 

 <p>That's big.</p>
 

 <p>But consider another model which helps us to grasp the size of our universe…it's called the Paper-Stack Model.</p>
 
 <p>Consider the thickness of a standard sheet of paper.  Pretty thin, right?  Now, imagine that that thickness equals 93 million miles which is the distance from the earth to the sun. Remember, not the length or width, but merely the thickness, 93 million miles.</p>
 

 <p>Okay, how many sheets of paper (stacked on top of one another) would it take to represent the distance to the nearest star, Alpha Centauri?  To represent that distance it would take a stack of paper 70 feet high.</p>
 
 <p>Now, our solar system resides within the galaxy known as the Milky Way galaxy.  Let's say we just wanted to get out of our own backyard, how many sheets of paper would it take to represent the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy? (Remember, each sheet represents 93 million miles) You would have to have a stack of paper 310 miles high to represent that distance.</p>
 

 <p>Finally, let's say we wanted to get to the edge of the known universe (and who knows how far it goes beyond that?) - as far as we can see with our most powerful telescope.  How many sheets of paper would it take to represent that distance? It would take a stack of paper 31 million miles high!</p>
 

 <p>And just think, God holds it all in the palm of His hand...</p>
 
 <p>“When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have set in place, what is man that you are mindful of him, the son of man that you care for him?”  (Psalm 8:3-4).</p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FInteresting-Facts-About-the-Size-of-the-Universe.115487"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FInteresting-Facts-About-the-Size-of-the-Universe.115487" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Oct 2007 07:16:08 PST</pubDate></item>
<item>
<title>Eleven Planets in the Solar System</title>
<link>http://www.scienceray.com/Astronomy/Eleven-Planets-in-the-Solar-System.115472</link>
<description>
<![CDATA[<h3>The New Definition</h3>

 <p>The definition of a Planet is that a Planet is a body that orbits the sun, is large enough for its own gravity to make it round, and it has cleared its neighborhood of smaller objects. That means that it has to be large enough that gravity shifts the shape to be round and it has to have cleared its neighborhood of any thing other then itself.</p>
 
<h3>International Astronomical Union's View of The Solar System </h3>

 <p>The International Astronomical Union new definition tells us that there are two types of planets, but only the first type is planets. They have Planets and Dwarf Planets, but only Planets are really counted by the International Astronomical Union, which I do not understand.</p>

<h3> My view of Planets and Dwarf Planets</h3>

 <p>My view on the other hand is a lot different; they say that there are Eight Planets and Three Dwarf Planets in the solar system. I say they both have the word Planet in there name so I just combined the two and that means that there are 11 planets in the solar system.</p>
 

<h3>  My view on Pluto becoming Kuiper Belt Object</h3>

 

<p>I never thought that Pluto was Kuiper Belt Object, I just thought that was a planet, I still think like that even today. The reason I say this is that I saw this picture on 
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.Wikipedia.com ">Wikipedia</a>
of the solar system and Kuiper Belt. Here is the picture:<p><img  alt="" src="http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/scienceray/2008/04/28/42992_0.jpg" /></p>

<p> Look at the cloud after the oval shaped orbit of Pluto. If Pluto was in fact Kuiper Belt Object then would not it follow the same orbit as the rest of the Kuiper Belt? </p><a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FEleven-Planets-in-the-Solar-System.115472"><img src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?x=&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceray.com%2FAstronomy%2FEleven-Planets-in-the-Solar-System.115472" border="0"/></a>]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 2007 09:04:20 PST</pubDate></item>
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