Originally, mummy means asphalt that refers to a non-decomposed body. Large amount of mummies with the most complicated technology in their making have found in Egypt. When Egyptians made a mummy, they used an iron hook to extract the brain marrow out from the dead person's nose nostrils. Then they stuffed the empty side in the brain part with drugs for cleaning purpose. Next, they used a sharp stone knife to cut through the abdomen in order to remove the entire internal organs. After that, they cleaned up the abdomen. Some coconut wine and mashed spices were filled in the abdominal part before knitting. After completing this step, they placed the mummy inside the alkaline powder for 70 days. After 70 days, they cleaned the mummy thoroughly. Then they wrapped the mummy with a fine, white linen bandage from the head until the toe. The exterior part of the mummy was then painting with a type of tree's latex as a substitution of a glue gum before giving it to their respective relative. The relative would then put the mummy into a specially created human-shape box. Finally, they put the mummy in the tomb by placing it upright to the wall.

The Making of a Mummy

Such expensive ways to handle the dead body was generally applicable to the Pharaoh, the prestigious officials and the rich people. The poor has a very simple approach of making the mummy that consumed small amount of money. Egyptians used a cathartic cleansing agent to clean the abdomen before soaking the corpse into an alkaline powder for approximately 70 days. Later, they took out the corpse from the powder and let it dried out naturally in the winds before burying it in dry sand dunes.

Regardless of riches or poor, each dead body has to make into mummy in the ancient Egyptians. They believed that the body and the soul constituted human beings. Even the soul was in the hell, they still need their own dead bodies. As long as the dead body was preserved, the soul can be sheltered in its body, and they could undergo reincarnation for the purpose of rebirth.

10 Mummies That are Important and Valuable to Archaeologists

Ancient Egyptian mummy is the most famous mummy in the history of humankind. Its discovery has aroused worldwide attention, as its discovery is as important as the rise of Washington, Lincoln, Alexander or Keliaomotela mummies. This mummy also led scientists to carry out an unprecedented test and scientists keep on asking,” Can the modern science and technology manage to duplicate such ancient Egyptian mummies?”

Ozzy Iceman mummy is a historic mummy, which has 5,300 years ever recorded in the human history. During the cold age of prehistoric time, this mummy was murdered. This iceman mummy lets people inferred that it is not die due to an accident. Apart from the Alberta Gaiyin murder case recorded by the Bible, this mummy is probably the oldest murder victim.

This is Nordic marches mummy found lying on the ground. Its body cramped with wrinkles and its red hair looks as though a devil. It was a sad event that this mummy was the offerings to offer to the ancient God. It proved to us that the legendary alleged living offerings have existed in human history long ago.

New Croatia mummy dates back to the 18th dynasty Pharaoh of ancient Egypt (from about 1361 before 1352) and before the arrival of the era of Latin America thousand years ago. It had told that most Chile's fishermen used cruel methods to create extremely exquisite mummies. They peeled off the dead human skin as though females take off their long pants or long thin socks.

Franklin mummy is one of the three British sailors frozen mummies. This mummy described the secret tragic event occurred in the sea. It keeps people wandering why fully equipped vessel with the most advance technology, carrying 129 Franklin expedition team disappeared miraculously in the sea and never returned home thereafter.

This is a Soviet Socialist Father's mummy called Lenin's mummy. Its making is still a mystery, as this mummy remains a top secret of Russia. As Russia is a very mysterious country, some of the occurred events may even make the world feels shocking.

This is a Greenland mummy ranked seventh among the mummies. This mummy preserved underneath a layer of iceberg and snow when found by the archaeologists. Its 100-year body described how people in Arctic struggled to survive their lives in the extreme cold weather.

This is one of the Inca mummies' sleeping children. The Inca people killed him in order to present him for their Inca ancient god. Some of them had knocked cruelly on the part of the children's heads until injured or death while others had their throats cut before burying alive. The killing of Inca's children explained how Inca people sought the god's forgiveness by offering the innocent children's lives to the supernatural power five centuries ago.

This female mummy explained the tragic found in the infidel war. Her terrified ways of death has shaken the community of England. England's doctor, Andrew Yienmaike said this mummy appeared in tenderness and complete form when found. People can even slosh her arms and curve her fingers flexibly.

This is a Xinjiang mummy discovered in the Taklimakan Desert in Western China. The discovery of this nomadic mummy had rewritten the cultural exchanges of the East and the West of that time in the China history.

Found in the rainforests of Indonesia, the Rafflesia Arnoldii is a flower that boasts the world's largest bloom that can grow to be 3 feet across and weigh up to 15 pounds. With no visible leaves, roots or stem, the Rafflesia must attach itself to a host plant to receive its water and nutrients. The aroma that the flower emits is likened to rotten meat when it is in bloom.

Smallest Insect

The smallest insect in the world is the Megaphragma Caribea from Guadeloupe, measure at a mere 0.17mm long, which replaced the Alaptus Magnanimus (Fairy Flies) a member of the Myrmaridae family. Other members of the smallest insect category are the Diptera (True Flies), Collembola (Springtails) and Nanosella Fungi (Feather-winged Beetle).

The Furthest Moon From Sun

Image Credit: Alan Stern (Southwest Research Institute), Marc Buie (Lowell Observatory), NASA and ESA

No longer classified as a planet, Pluto is the furthest moon at an astonishing distance of 4,583,190,000 miles from the sun. If it was possible to hop into a car and drive from the Sun to Pluto traveling at a consist speed of 55 mph, then the trip would take 9512.64 years to complete the entire trip. The planetary road trip would cost an outstanding $392,844,857.14 (based on 35 mpg and $3.00 per gallon of gas).

The First Water Powered Car

Swiss born inventor Isaac de Rivaz was the first to make an automobile powered by an internal combustion engine in the year 1805. Gasoline was not invented until the 1870's and this automobile operated on Hydrogen extracted from water in the form of ice. So, really Rivas not only invented the world's first water powered car, but also the first Hydrogen powered car.

Inventors who have tried to develop Hydrogen powered car have been threatened and killed mysteriously in their quest to improve life on earth. Inventor Stan Meyers was threatened and later found poisoned and Andrija Puharich mysteriously fell down a flight of stairs.

Many of the inventors' lives were threatened. Yull Brown had shots fired into his kitchen, Stan Meyers was threatened and eventually poisoned, and a few months Yull Brown dies of old age. Andrija Puharich mysteriously fell down a flight of stairs. Carl Cella died in prison.

Chocopologie The World's Most Expensive Chocolate

Fritz Knipschildt is the founder of Knipschildt Chocolatier in 1999 and currently holds the title for the most-expensive chocolate called Chocopologie. The rich dark chocolate truffle contains a French black truffle inside its seventy percent Valrhona cacao that is blended into a creamy ganache with truffle oil and dusted in cocoa powder. Individual Chocopologie pieces costs $250.00, but if one piece isn't going to be enough, then a one-pound box can be pre-ordered for $2600.00 by contacting Knipschildt.

World's Strongest Fiber

Interestingly, the world's strongest man-made fiber is Dyneema a superstrong polyethylene fiber that is 15 times stronger than quality steel. Dyneema is extremely durable, and is resistant to moisture, chemicals and UV light. The Dyneema fiber is used to produce the strongest fibrous rope in the world.

First Personal Computer

• NAME H316 Pedestal Model
• MANUFACTURER Honeywell
• TYPE Home Computer
• ORIGIN U.S.A.
• YEAR 1969
• BUILT IN LANGUAGE Recipes were programmed into it, but language/software is unknown
• KEYBOARD Small array of buttons and switches
• CPU Unknown
• SPEED 2.5 MHz
• RAM 4 KB magnetic core, expandable to 16 KB
• ROM Unknown
• TEXT MODES Unknown, probably some kind of text display
• SIZE / WEIGHT 150 pounds
• BUILT IN MEDIA Magnetic core memory
• POWER SUPPLY 475W at 125vAC
• PERIPHERALS Unless you count the cutting board... unknown
• PRICE $10,600

How Much Gas Is Left?

According to the Oil & Gas Journal (OGJ) estimates “that at the beginning of 2007, worldwide reserves were 1.32 trillion barrels of oil and 6.182 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. These estimates are 25 billion barrels of oil and 60 trillion cubic feet of natural gas higher than the prior year, reflecting additional discoveries, improving technology, and changing economics.” The remaining reserves represent 44.6 years of oil and 66.2 years of natural gas at 2005 consumption levels. This does not mean that the world's gas and oil reserves will be depleted in fifty years, because new reserves are being discovered each year.

Toys Made In The USA

We are living in a time where 80% of all toys are manufactured in China and other foreign sources that have demonstrated a poor track record of quality control and safety. Locating toys made in the USA is very difficult, but for concerned parents and caregivers there is a ray of sunshine pushing through the clouds of unsafe products of the toy industry and about 100 USA made toys can be located at Made In USA Toys. (Declaimer: The author of this story is not affiliated with Step2.com and/or the toy manufacturers.)

The World's Most Dangerous Insect

The mosquito accounts for millions of deaths around the world every year. Sometimes carriers of yellow fever, dengue fever, West Nile virus and forms of encephalitis are deadly to humans and animals. Malaria a mosquito-born virus accounts for more human deaths each year than HIV, Cancer and Heart Disease worldwide. So, don't forget to protect your skin with your favorite mosquito repellent, because there are billions of hungry, blood-sucking critters that would enjoy nothing more than to make a feast out of you.

The spiraling population hampers every measure of progress India tries to achieve.

Now why this population explosion? Is it good or bad to the nation? To the world? Who has to explore the reasons? The people of India? Or the government? Or the world at large?

Main reasons for this explosion are:

1. ILLITERACY

   Lack of proper education is the chief cause of most of the problems in the country. The country vows to achieve 100% literacy every 20 years. But it has been just a dream. Only 59.5% of the population is literate so far (male 70.2% and female 48.3% according to the statistics given in 2003).Most of this literate have not completed even the high school education. Poverty, social and economical conditions ,etc. have been pulling back the country from its endeavors. Statistics show that educated people have limited families and uneducated have large. Cities have more facilities and people are more educated and have less children whereas villages which form 70% of the county are still illiterate and have larger families.

2. LACK OF AWARENESS

   Lack education and awareness lead to ignorance which keeps these blind people in utter obscurity. They cannot have any plan in their life. They are unable to realize the reasons for their scarcity of water, food, etc. There is no proper sex education in schools. Hence they are unable to control themselves. Only instincts lead them in their life.

3. INCREASING POVERTY

   Ignorance and lack of awareness keep the people enslaved to poverty. They do not bother to get out of their wallowing. Most of the villagers live in single -room houses which serves all their purposes of cooking, dining, living, sleeping, etc. Most of them do not even think of having bathroom facilities. No wonder these unsanitary conditions invite all kinds of diseases. They do some odd jobs whatever they get and struggle to fill up their stomachs. This kind of nestled life stimulate the instincts only where they find some solace leading to overpopulation.

4. THE WIDE GAP

   Poor people are becoming poorer because of their inability, ignorance, and exploitation of the rich. Most of the villagers are agricultural workers, and they have to depend upon the landlords who possess the lands and oppress the villagers by giving them very mean wages. Even though the government tries its best to liberate them from these bondages, the caste system that controls everything and the political vote bank exploitation manipulate things from bad to worse. The rich are growing richer making the gap between the rich and poor wider.

5. CHILD LABOR

   To manage the situation children are compelled to do some work. These ignorant people think that the more children they have they can earn more through child labor. There are plenty of opportunities encouraging child labor. Only in 2006 the country has come forward to take stern steps to annihilate child labor. But how far it will succeed only time should answer. The wrong money that comes from the children is spent on alcohol and other evil ways. These children who have money in their hands are tempted to spend it lavishly. They are unable to attend schools or have proper growth. Child abuse is prevalent everywhere.

6. EARLY MARRIAGE

   It has been a social custom to marry the girl as soon as she attains puberty . She becomes the procreating machine as early as possible. Child marriage restraint act in 1976 , raising marriageable age of the girl from 14 to 18, is still finding hard to be execute.

7. TRADITIONAL PREJUDICES

   A family should have a male heir, ‘a girl child is a curse to the family,’ ‘the more male children stronger the family’ are some of the prejudices found among people. Every family aspires for a male child. Caste system plays much in treating girl children worse than the male. There are some castes which even kill the unwanted baby girls. Female infanticide is a heartrending issue. Statistics say that education to female children is neglected and when they grow up they become mere slaves of their male counterparts.

8. RELIGIOUS IMPACTS

   Religious beliefs have much to do with the family planning in India. People strongly believe that children are given by God and it is a sin to curtail pregnancy in any way. More children means more blessing from God. Religions do not encourage any artificial method of family planning.

9. HIGH FERTILITY AND LOW MORTALITY RATES

   The growth rate in the Indian population is estimated to be 1.44%(2004 statistics) It is higher than the death rate. In every 1000 people 22.8 births and 8.30 deaths are reported. The life expectancy in India is 63.99 years . Females are said to live longer. Every woman is equated with 2.85 children which is extremely high compared to other countries. Mortality rate is reduced by health programs.

10. INABILITY TO ACHIEVE PLANS

    India was the first country in the developing nations to initiate a state-sponsored family planning program in 1952 and official figure suggest a measure of success. Since Independence in 1947, the fertility rate has been cut from 6 births per woman of child bearing age to 3.5, by which the birth rate has declined from 40 per 1000 in 1960 to 28 in 1996. Needless to say the government has been taking all possible steps ; but the caste system, the voting system, etc. are crippling the enormous projects undertaken by it.

The Indian population explosion has become a global problem. At least in China due to some revolutions and strength of the political hand during the previous regimes the population could be controlled. But in India democracy is struggling with a slow process of curtailing the population.

Now the whole world has become one family with fast communication and vast media. The Indian population explosion has become a global issue. As a world family, let us pull together to save this earth from unworthy destruction.

Heavy, darker strokes are said to come from people who are bold, emphatic, or aggressive, whereas light strokes, or almost invisible strokes, indicate timidity, or fear. I imagine some will find this information quite controversial, however, overall, I have found some of these assertions to have validity in many cases, with exceptions of course.

People who write off the line continuously are said to be not as focused as those who stay on the line. People's whose writing is uneven and wobbly have usually suffered some neurological damage. Stroke patients often tend to show that in their handwriting. A friend of mine had this kind of handwriting, and I thought she had suffered a stroke. A few months later, after a visit to her doctor, he confirmed just what I had thought.

Most of us learn handwriting in school. Teachers use different techniques and strokes to teach this fundamental skill. It is quite apparent that the art of handwriting has deteriorated over the years, and this skill is not given the same focus as other subjects or skills. Because we are in the age where technology looms, some educators do not feel this is essential, thus less emphasis and time is devoted to its development.

All of us, perhaps, have seen copies of the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. They reveal careful, ornate strokes during a time when handwriting was considered more of an art. Nowadays, we see other important documents signed, and the names would be obscure to us unless we knew who the signers were. It gets worse with signatures on prescriptions, and even some autographs.

Employers often evaluate their employees by making a silent handwriting analysis. Handwriting that is legible is preferred far above script that carries a "I don't care" look, and you can believe there have been many occasions where people were hired because their handwriting was neat and clear. So, handwriting still matters today, despite the less emphasis on it.

A case and point would be a bank teller who scribbles your name down, and then proceeds to scribble down your $l,778.00 deposit. She, of course, has to type it in on the computer, however if this deposit looked more like $1,118.00, you would not be too happy. Handwriting does make a difference.

Before the modern printing press, the Holy Bible was copied by hand. Those who did this tedious task took painstaking efforts to make sure that each letter of each word was formed clearly. Special pens and quills were employed for this task. Because of their careful work, the Holy Bible has come down to us preserved in its God inspired messages, directives, eloquence, and beauty.

As we move into the future, let us not forget the past. There are still those who aspire to keep their handwriting a thing of art. And there will always be those who might see it through the eye of a chicken-- scratch. Perhaps one day the issue will be settled in a universal script to be taught with universal expectations. That will then necessitate another question, and other issues to be dealt with. The main question will be, "What kind of script, and how will it be evaluated?"