1. Diet Coke and Mentos
   

   

   Simply drop a Mentos candy into Diet Coke will cause a huge gush of fizz from the top as seen in the picture above.

   Diet Coke and Mentos is probably one of the most popular, renown chemical reactions all around. This "Internet Phenomenon" was started in 1999 by a school teacher Lee Marek.

   The reaction is caused by the caffeine, potassium benzoate, aspartame, and CO2 gas contained inside of the Diet Coke and the gelatin and gum Arabic ingredients of the Mentos. These together cause an explosive release of CO2 quickly expanding and causing the "Jet" effect.

   This can be a safe and fun Chemical reaction experiment. Simply get Diet Coke (As it works the best) and Mentos (Without the Waxy shells).

2. Boiling Wax and Liquid
   
   

   I do not advice trying this. If you do you will more than likely get burned.

   In the screenshot I took above from a YouTube video on someone trying this shows the combustion that happens when you add Boiling Wax to a Liquid.

   Okay the explanation for this happening. Combustion needs three things to occur: Fuel(The Wax), Heat and Oxygen. They are the basic things fire need. Without them fire cannot occur.

   So you have Wax for heat and you have applied heat to that Wax. The only place the Wax gets oxygen is where the Wax and Air touch,so only the surface of the wax will be burning.

   Then you add it to the water. The water turns to vapour expanding and pushing out itself and lots of wax in a cloud of small droplets. Now you have lots of heated wax, rapidly interacting with oxygen over a huge surface area. You have all three ingredients for combustion in supply. Then they combust.

3. Sodium and Water in Chlorine Gas
   
   

   In the screenshot of a video on YouTube above it shows Sodium in Chlorine Gas (Yellow). When you add water to the Sodium when it is in the Chlorine it burst into flames. Whats left from the reaction is regular table salt.

Hope you liked the few I put on here.

I would have put more but other sites had a lot of the ones I could find here is a link to a site that has a lot;

There are also some on Youtube if you search Chemical Reactions.

Pierre Perignon entered the monastery at Hautvilliers, in France, when was 19 years old in 1657. Under his care the vineyard at the Abbey doubled in size. At this time, winemakers had not found a way to ferment wine in bottles because once the winter came, fermentation stopped and the sugars just sat there in the sealed bottles waiting for the weather to become warmer. Then, the bottles turned into potential bombs and often exploded as fermentation started again.

Fermentation in the bottle is what gives Champagne its bubbles.

Dom Perignon found a way of stopping this refermentation by using only Pinot Noir, a red wine grape, and avoiding white grapes altogether. He also devised way of growing better grapes by closer pruning and restriction of vine height. Dom Perignon also introduced the pressing of grapes in wooden presses as an alternative to treading.

So, he managed to control the fermentation of the wine in the bottle and captured the bubbles in the way the best modern Champagne makers do.

Moet et Chandon, the best of Champagne makers honoured Dom Perignon by naming the very best of their Champagne after him.

Tattoo ink is not really ink but actually dry pigment suspended in a carrier solution. This pigment usually comes from metal salts but is occasionally made from plastics. Unfortunately for the boy that had to have a glow-in-the-dark tattoo, pigments made from plastic tend to carry greater risks: plastic-based inks can lead to polymerization under the skin which means that the particles of the tattoo pigment join into a larger, solid piece under the skin. For pigments - plastic or metal - to work as a tattoo, they must be suspended in a carrier solution which keeps them evenly mixed, clean, and applicable. The carrier is most commonly made from ethyl alcohol in the form of vodka or Listerine mixed with glycerine and propylene glycol. However, just like the dry pigment, carrier solutions carry risks. Home-made and even some commercial solutions may contain anti-freeze, gluteraldehyde, and even formaldehyde which are all toxic. Even among the properly-made carriers, if an ethyl alcohol carrier reacts with the plastic storage bottle it can lead to polymerization under the skin. Upon reading this, many people are bound to wonder how on earth the government is allowing these chemicals to be used in tattoos but the truth is they don't allow it. In fact, they probably don't even know about it: tattoo pigments and inks are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and never have been. As many tattoo artists mix their own inks, some of the chemicals used may be mutagens, carcinogens, or toxins, or cause other reactions in the body which might not even show up for years.

With this information in mind, it seems important to mention that despite all these “risks”, tattoos have been around for thousands of years and are relatively safe. The oldest pigments came from grinding minerals and Carbon Black. The most common pigments today include said original mineral pigments as well as modern industrial organic pigments, a handful of vegetable-based pigments, and a few plastic-based pigments used mostly in alternative tattooing (glow-in-the-dark, black-light responsive, etc.) All pigments carry the risk of allergic reactions, scarring, and reactions from exposure to sunlight but some pigments are safer than others. Cobalt has been deemed too toxic for tattoo use and ultramarine is too unstable. The only safe blues and greens currently on the market are called Copper Pthalocyanine pigments and, like most metal-salt pigments, come from oxidizing metals and elements to produce a color change. Copper Pthalocyanine pigments actually are approved by the FDA for use in things such as paint for infant furniture, contact lenses, and surgical implants. Other safe pigments include black in the form of Carbon or Bone Black which comes from burning animal bones or kerosene and then gathering the soot. Many red pigments can cause serious skin damage such as burning or scarring, and rashes, especially those made from Iron Oxides and Mercury. Many doctors have actually directed patients to have the red pigment removed after biopsies were performed. Napthol Red is the safest known form of red pigment, and although Magenta is considered safe, it is more unstable and less lightfast than most other pigments. Oranges, Zinc and Titanium white, and even dioxazine/ carbazole purples and violets are considered safe. Even though Browns are usually based on Iron Oxides, they are generally considered safe as well. While yellow is not considered unsafe, high concentrations of the pigment may change the PH levels under the skin causing burns or scars which seems slightly unavoidable as cutting the pigment load leaves a more washed out and lighter hue.

Despite the popularity of tattoos, the risks seem to be more evident than the benefits. Another such risk is the substance used to clean skin before being inked. When getting a tattoo, the skin should be cleaned with a disinfectant such as Iodine, however many tattoo artists use Isopropyl Alcohol (rubbing alcohol). Rubbing Alcohol makes the skin more permeable so in cleaning the area, you are in fact helping any toxins in the ink get pushed into your skin faster and deeper.

Even with, or perhaps due to, all this information, it's difficult to say if tattooing is the fine art of chemistry or the chemistry of fine art. Either way, it goes to show you that science plays a big role in every aspect of life including entertainment.

 

Its symbol is Ar. It is the most abundant of the noble gases and the third most prevalent gas in the earth's atmosphere. Argon comes from the Greek word “argos” meaning “inactive”. This is because argon does not easily react with other elements. This element was discovered in 1894 by the British Scientists Sir William Ramsay and Baron John William Strutt Rayleigh of Britain. Argon is colorless and odorless. Its uses are in light bulbs, arc welding, fluorescent light tubes, among others.

Arsenic

Its symbol is As. It comes from the word “ Arsenicos” or male. Arsenic was discovered by Albertus Magnus of Germany in 1250. The element is a steel gray, very brittle, crystalline, semi-metallic (metaloid) solid. It tarnishes in air, and when heated rapidly oxidizes to arsenous oxide which has a garlic odor. Arsenic is noted for being poisonous, however, some of its compounds are medicinal. It has been known since the ancient times. It is used for hardening shots, laser materials, poisons, insecticides, doping agents, among others.

Astatine

Its symbol is At. Astatine comes from the word Astatos or “unstable”. It was originally called alabamine. The element was first artificially prepared in 1940 at the University of California by bombarding bismuth with high-energy alpha particles. Astatine is the halogen which behaves most like a metal and that has only radioactive isotopes. Astatine is highly carcinogenic.

Barium

Barium is one of the alkaline-earth metals. Its symbol is Ba. It comes from the word “barys” or heavy or dense. The English scientist Sir Humphry Davy discovered it in 1808. It is a metallic element, soft and when pure is silvery white like lead. The metal oxidizes very easily and it reacts with water or alcohol. It is used in spark plugs, rubber, paint, glass, x-ray, rat poison, fireworks to name a few.

Photons + Solar Cell -> Electron

The photons came from the sun. The sun bashes hydrogen atoms together, to create immense amounts of heat, light and radiation. All hydrogen atoms are positively charged and do not want to go together, this is why they have to be bashed together. You have to have a climate with extreme heat and pressure to be able to get the hydrogen atoms to go together.

As the process occurs there is a tiny amount of lost mass in the atoms. This tiny bit of loss mass is what is driving the sun. After 8 minutes, 19 seconds after leaving the sun it reaches the solar cell. The solar sell turn the photons into electrons. These electrons contain enough power to make a Lego motor run. The kinetic energy being generated by the motor is what's driving the car (See figure 2).

The energy being generated is in a few different forms. The sun generates light energy which shines down to the Earth. The light energy being created is than transformed into electrons. The electrons that are being generated gets changed again, and this time into kinetic energy at the motor. If the motor is not connected to the wheels than it will just spin and not move the car at all. However if it is connected to the car it will make the car move. This is also called Kinetic energy.

There are many forces applied to the car (See figure 1). The wind resistance wants to make the car move backwards, but it is smaller than the force making it go forward. There is gravity keeping the car to the ground, this brings on another force called friction. Friction is the force that is used in brakes to make wheels stop. However the friction of the wheels is good, and provides grip to the surface it's running on.

The mechanical energy being generated from the motor is what is driving the car forward. It brings on inertia which is the force that if the mechanical energy is suddenly stopped (eg. from cloud cover) the car would have momentum to keep going forward. This force would eventually stop as the momentum decreases.

There are many benefits and disadvantages of using a solar powered car. A solar powered car would definitely save you on your fuel bill, as the only fuel needed to power a solar powered car, is photons. However if the sun is behind clouds, or your are driving at night there is no photons to power your car, and therefore no energy. Some people think that green house gas may possibly contribute to the climate change of Earth.

If you are one of these people and have a guilty conscious that you are making the world hotter, you will not have a guilty conscious any more, as solar powered cars do not give off carbon dioxide gas. Petroleum is getting in short supply, and if the world were to run out, than solar powered means of transport would be the only way to travel. Having solar panels on your car would be a bit of a nuisance.

A way of over coming this is to put solar panels on the roof of your house, and use them to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. You can use the hydrogen in a car, because when hydrogen and oxygen meet back together, they give off an electron which can be used to power a car. This would overcome the problem of diving at night and in cloudy weather. Also you would need a very large surface area on the top of your car to make it get up to the 100km/h speed that you drive on highways. So having stored energy would also be a benefit because you don't need such a big surface area on the roof of your car.

Solar powered cars would wipe out all the car emissions in busy tunnels. Most tunnels you cannot walk through because of all car emissions, so having solar would definitely be a benefit, for while using tunnels.